Editors introduction potatoes, tomatoes and a host of other important fruit crops all belong to the solanaceae plant family. Graminae grains of the total food produced by the worlds top 30 crops based on dry matter, about 23. Some plants have great medicinal value, some are quite poisonous. Solanaceae, the nightshade, or potato, family of flowering plants order solanales, with 102 genera and nearly 2,500 species, many of considerable economic importance as food and drug plants. The potatotomato genus, solanum, includes about onehalf of the species. This is a large family with around 20003000 species in 90 different genera, found in most temperate and tropical regions, with a large number coming from australia and central and south america. Jun 22, 2008 this prolific family is the solanaceae one that numbers more than 2500 species from warm and temperate areas, america being the richest place. However, other members such as tomatoes, eggplants and potatoes are routinely consumed by humans. These plants are distributed in temperate and tropical areas. The vegetative parts, root system, floral characters, floral formula and floral diagram of solanaceae are discussed below. Hair and spine morphology are diagnostic for many species and groups within solanum and are very important characters in taxonomy.
The below mentioned article provides an overview on order solanales, family solanaceae. Prickles often called spines are a hallmark of the leptostemonum clade. The solanaceae is a large varied family of trees, shrubs and herbs including 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Its members are characterized by flowers with five petals, sepals, and stamens and typically bear alternate leaves. The family is spliced into 147 genera, the solanum genera itself having no less than species. Solanum tuberosum is a tetraploid 4n 48 and does not grow true to type from seed so it is propagated vegetatively by the tubers. Pdf the historical role of species from the solanaceae plant family. Solanaceae a taxonomic family within the order solanales many plants including the nightshades, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes and tobacco. They have solitary, bisexual, regular flowers with 5 rarely 3, 4 or 6 separate or united sepals and 5 united petals. Characters, distribution and types biology discussion. These are herbs with alternate leaves and colorless juice. These most often occur on the stems, leaves, and calyx and can be straight or recurved, thin and needlelike or broadbased. They are mainly found in central and south america.
Following are the characteristic features of solanaceae family. Contains information on scientific description, reproduction, fruit and seed features. A cosmopolitan family, but main areas of distribution occur in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in central and south america. Solanaceae, potato family herbs and shrubs, often poisonous polysymmetric. According to hutchinson this is the seventyseventh order of. Potato tubers exhibit apical dominance like other plant organs, so cutting tubers into pieces stimulates the eyes to. The historical role of species from the solanaceae plant. Solanales, potato order of flowering plants, including five families with 165 genera and more than 4,080 species. Convolvulaceae characteristics the family convolvulaceae is known as the morning glory family, and contains 5055 genera and about 16001700 species. Legumes includes a large number of domesticated species harvested as crops for human and animal.
Seed characteristics of the family have been summarized by gunn 17, isely 25, lemaout. Aug 05, 2014 a read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. There are eight main groups of the solanaceae family we will study. Although an effort was made to list all the major relevant information, this record is far from complete. Tomato, eggplant, bell pepper, chili pepper, tobacco, and potato. Five, gamopetalous, rotate or infundibuliform or lobed, inferior, sometimes zygomorphic. It is mostly annual or perennial herbs, shrubs or small trees or even vines. It is a large family well distributed in tropics and subtropics, though a few members are found in temperate zone. Five, polyandrous, alternating with petals, anther often fusing around the style, dehiscence by pores solanum.
Trick to learn floral formula and diagrams of family fabaceae, solanaceae, liliaceae neet ug lets crack neet ug. Here we estimate the phylogeny for iochrominae, a clade of. Click on names to expand them, and on p for plants profiles. Apiaceae formerly umbelliferae, carrot or parsley family. These include potato solanum tuberosum, tomato lycopersicon. Research article open access a phylogenetic framework. The tomato was one of the principal models in twentieth century classical genetics and a pacemaker of genome analysis in plants including molecular linkage. Two of the families are large and contain some of the most highly cultivated plants.
The family is informally known as the nightshade or potato family. The history of solanaceae classification darcy 1979, 1991 is typical of many large families of flowering plants e. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of solanaceae have identified many wellsupported clades within the family and have permitted the creation of a phylogenetic system of classification. Some members of this family include chemicals called alkaloids that may be toxic if ingested. Most important plant families alexey shipunov minot state university july 16, 20 shipunov biol 592.
The solanaceae is a family of flowering plants, many of which are edible, while others are considered poisonous. Morphological studies on flowering plants solanaceae. Classification for kingdom plantae down to family solanaceae. Although several studies have focused on understanding evolution of particular characteristics in solanaceae in a phylogenetic context, including analyses of genome and chromosome evolution 46, life history and polyploidy 79. Feb 23, 2017 convolvulaceae characteristics the family convolvulaceae is known as the morning glory family, and contains 5055 genera and about 16001700 species. The historical role of species from the solanaceae plant family in. Family description according to the plant taxonomists, it has been estimated that a total of 2 to 3 million plant species exists on our planet. Make sure you do everything that is in bold print, answer all the questions and do one of. Watch this video to learn about the fabaceae family. Family wide phylogenetic analyses are currently in progress. In this lesson we will study the insect pests of the solanaceae.
The calyx and corolla are 5lobed, and usually there are 5 stamens. Trick to learn floral formula and diagrams of family. Plants of the nightshade family stop and study the next tomato, potato or pepper flower you come across and you will quickly learn the nightshade family. The second largest families of plants 2 orchid family family orchidaceae with about 20,000 species. Solanaceae, liliaceae and fabaceae family an overview byjus. The family is highly diverse, includes perennial trees as well as herbaceous annual species and occupies a wide range of terrestrial habitats from deserts to rainforests knapp et al. Bean family fabaceaesoybeans, peas, beans tomato family solanaceae tomatos, potatoes, peppers, eggplants. Some species of solanaceae are known in china only by plants cultivated in ornamental or specialty gardens. Despite a wealth of phylogenetic work on individual clades and a deep knowledge of particular cultivated species such as tomato and potato, a robust evolutionary framework with a dated molecular phylogeny for the family is still lacking.
In india it is represented by 70 species of 21 genera. Family characteristics the solanaceae family, often called the. The solanaceae, or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. Solanaceae are known for possessing a diverse range of alkaloids. This family includes 90 genera and about 3000 species. Six plant families of economic importance david bogler. Solanaceae is a large family consisting of 90 genera distributed in tropical and temperate regions of the world. Solanaceae the potato family 94 genera 2,950 species distribution. The solanaceae, or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and.
Among the most important of those are potato solanum tuberosum. Nov 11, 2016 the largest families of plants 1 sunflower family family asteraceae with about 24,000 species. I will especially be looking for submissions with usages of the more obscure species of the solanaceae family, as the more familiar ones will undoubtedly illicit a much larger response. The fabaceae, also called leguminosae or bean and pea family, is the third largest family of angiosperms after orchidaceae orchids and asteraceae daisies, sunflowers, and second only to poaceae grasses in terms of agricultural and economic importance. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but manyincluding tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant. Solanaceae nightshades and convolvulaceae morning glories. The family includes 2,000 species belonging to 90 genera.
Phylogeny and provisional classification of the solanaceae. The incredible morphological and chemical diversity, fundamental economic importance and worldwide distribution make the solanaceae one of the most fascinating groups of flowering plants. Around 2000 species of dicotyledonous plants belong to this family. This prolific family is the solanaceae one that numbers more than 2500 species from warm and temperate areas, america being the richest place. Solanaceae is an economically important family which is also known as the potato family. The cultivated potatoes, the eggplant or aubergine genus solanum and pepper species genus capsicum are crop plants of worldwide. Among them, around two lakh species are angiosperms flowering plants, while others include gymnosperms, bryophytes, hydrophytes and other vascular and nonvascular plants. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Convolvulaceae characteristics family convolvulaceae. Fabaceae leguminosae pea or bean family peas, greenstring beans, fava beans, hyacinth bean, cowpea, peanut. Model plants, first in classical and then in cellular and molecular genetics, were primarily the cultivated tomato and its wild relatives genus.
Called the nightshade family or the potato family, solanaceae has more than 90 genera and nearly 3,000 species distributed throughout the world. The third largest families of plants 3 legumes or pea family family fabaceae with about 18,000 species. Solanaceae nightshade family the solanaceae family has been highly cultivated over the years it includes potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, sweet peppers, chili peppers but not black pepper, tobacco and petunias. While there are obviously many variations within this family, their leaves are always arranged in an alternating pattern on the stem. As the tomato belongs to the solanaceae family, known as the deadly nightshade family, it has in the past given it a false reputation of being toxic while, in fact, it is the tomato leaf that is toxic and not the fruit or tomato. Six top agricultural crop families grass family poaceaerice, wheat, corn, etc. Most are herbaceous climbingtrailing vines, but some are shrubs and trees. The solanaceae lesson seven insect pests of the solanaceae.
Some species of solanaceae are known in china only by plants cultivated in. A list of all accepted names in solanaceae is available in csv format. Seed characteristics of 42 economically important spejpies. Heiser 20 gave an ex cellent summary of economically important species in the solanaceae. The nightshade family, which is of great economic importance, contains many food, drug, and ornamental plants, as well as noxious weeds and poisonous plants. A link to a photo album of members of the solanaceae can be seen a thomas elpels site below.
Though found worldwide, the nightshades are most abundant in tropical. In the present study, the morphological features of 20 taxa of the family solanaceae were studied. Although not large, the solanaceae, or nightshade family, is certainly one of the most economically important plant families. The petals 3 form a corolla 4 tube, at least at the base. The plant list includes 8,216 scientific plant names of species rank for the family solanaceae. This family consists of around 100 genera and 2,700 species ranging from herbaceous perennials to trees. The plant family solanaceae is composed of at least 2,400 species of flowering plants. The smell and fragrance of flowers has always been so elusive. Solanaceae solanum tuberosum is a tetraploid 4n 48 and does not grow true to type from seed so it is propagated vegetatively by the tubers. Solanum nigrum, the european black nightshade or simply black nightshade or blackberry.
Tiny flowers in a broad, flat cluster arising from a common point at the end of stems an umbel. The largest family in solanales is solanaceae, the potato or nightshade family, which includes some 100 genera and nearly 2,500 species. Solanaceae, liliaceae and fabaceae family an overview. The solanaceae family comprises 30004000 species that are classified in approximately 90 genera. We will amend the catalog with additional information as it becomes available. The majority of these are tropical, but the family is also well represented in temperate regions. Medium sized family with 90 genera and 30004000 species, with great variation in habit, morphology and ecology. The solanaceae is a plant family of great economic importance. Species of solanaceae contained within the plant list belong to 105 plant genera. Vegetable plantvegetable plant families and page f their.
This family contains many species of great economic importance. In this lesson we will learn to identify several members of the solanaceae. Learn more about solanaceae, fabaceae, liliaceae at. Family characteristics historical importance and domestication. A phylogenetic framework for evolutionary study of the. About the classification report about the classification download. Solanaceae nightshade family contains data on the distinguishing characteristics of the group. Oct 15, 2016 the solanaceae family with its long tradition of genetic research on model as well as nonmodel species, with its wealth of genetic and genomic resources and with its relevance for human nutrition and wellbeing, is well positioned for being one of the great players in fundamental and applied plant research in the future. Status of solanaceae crops research this section summarizes the status of the research in solanaceae crops and the available genetic and genomic resources. Join our friendly community that shares tips and ideas for gardens, along with seeds and plants. Solanaceae a family of dicotyledonous see dicotyledon 1 plants, mostly herbs but some shrubs and trees, having normally alternate leaves, and regular flowers which are mostly pentamerous 2. Pdf solanaceae belongs to that group of families, which are included in almost all. Experiences and inspiration from all members of the family are encouraged, whichever may have spoken to you or has had a major influence. Poaceaegrass family named for genus poa crops called cereal crops greek god of agriculture was ceres monocots old family name.